Nearly five years since IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ascended a pulpit in a mosque in Mosul to urge Muslims to join the newly proclaimed "caliphate", the so-called Islamic State is only days away from dying in a tiny village that until recently, few even in Syria had ever heard of.
Thousands of its last denizens, many of them women and children, have been pouring out of the riverside hamlet of Baghouz in recent days, posing a huge humanitarian challenge for the Kurdish fighters leading the operation. On Wednesday alone, 15 trucks rumbled out of Baghouz, the fifth such evacuation in a week.
After being screened, the evacuees are sent on to the Al-Hol camp further north. The International Rescue Committee said that "the large numbers of arrivals mean there are estimated to be around 2,000 people currently sleeping rough at the arrivals area despite the poor weather conditions."
Survivors of the months-old siege who spill out of the double-trailer trucks tell harrowing tales of starvation. Many need immediate medical attention. Lines of black-veiled women holding scruffy children and carrying their scant belongings in bags can be seen walking down from a hill near Baghouz and across the arid plain.
Save the Children said many of the surviving children have witnessed horrifying events in recent months and are "showing signs of psychological distress".
- Human shields -
The men are carefully screened by the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), who have spearheaded the battle against IS in Syria, with support from a US-led coalition. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, about 10 percent of the estimated 50,000 people who fled the last jihadist bastions since December were IS members trying to slip back into civilian life.
The diehard jihadists still clinging to the last patch of the jihadist proto-state, many of them foreigners, have also been using civilians as human shields. Footage captured by the BBC from positions held by Iraqi paramilitary forces across the Euphrates river shows an improvised camp where an apparent jihadist can be seen running among makeshift tents.
As warplanes fly overhead, a woman is seen collecting water from the river in a plastic jerrycan while men move stealthily among the jumble of minivans and civilian shelters that make any direct air strike impossible. The SDF launched its final offensive against IS-held territory in September 2018.
The operation has been deadly and slow, and one top French officer even published stinging criticism of the coalition's reluctance to fully involve its ground forces.
US President Donald Trump late last year announced a complete troop pullout from Syria, leaving the SDF exposed to Turkish military threats. A security vacuum could also see a quick resurgence of the Islamic State group, which has lost all its strongholds in Syria and Iraq but remains a potent guerrilla force.
Even the US military warned that IS could potentially re-establish territorial control in some areas within six months if there were no "sustained counterterrorism pressure". Almost eight years into a conflict that has killed more than 360,000 people, the humanitarian emergency showed no sign of relenting.
- Traumatised children -
With aid agencies struggling to provide basic relief to famished civilians evacuated from the remote Baghouz area, Save the Children highlighted the trauma the youngest among them had suffered. The children who fled IS-held areas were "likely to have witnessed acts of brutality and lived under intense bombardment and deprivation", it said.
In a statement, it quoted an 11-year-old saying: "I always tried not to look when there were beheadings. I would hide behind my mum." It called for much greater efforts to help the children.
"That includes funding and access for case management and protective services, and for foreign children repatriation to their countries of origin," said Save the Children's Syria response director, Sonia Khush.
The local Kurdish administration is struggling to cope with the humanitarian burden and has repeatedly urged the world to step up its aid effort. Detained jihadists' countries of origin are reluctant to repatriate them, fearing a public backlash and security threats.
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